The principle of plasma arc machining is shown in the figure. Electron beam machining is same as laser beam machining process in which except laser, high speed electron beam impinges on work piece. In this process, a laser beam is focused for melting and vaporizing to remove material from the workpiece as per the desired shape 1. Laser beam machining lbm is a standout amongst the most broadly. Molten metal which forms a layer of debris on the surface of the material during picosecond machining. Usm working principle material removal primarily occurs due to the indentation of. So first we shall discuss the working principle of this laser beam machining, how this lasers are generated. Electrochemical machining ecm, laser beam machining lbm. In this process, a laser beam is focused for melting and vaporizing to. The tool uses mirrors that direct the proton laser beam to the desired cutting location.
Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to slice materials. This process uses thermal energy to remove material from metallic or nonmetallic sur. This will generate high heat energy and melts and vaporize metal from work piece. In the last class, we had discussed about electrical discharge machining, ultrasonic machining etc. Laser beam machining free download as powerpoint presentation. While typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, it is also starting to be used by schools, small businesses, and hobbyists.
Cnc machine is an computer numerical controlled machine which executes tasks with help of an inbuilt computer which extracts an computer file based on the commands an. Laser beam machining lbm is one of the most widely used thermal energy based non contact type advance machining process which can be applied for almost whole range of materials. Principles equipment types beam control techniques applications. Nov 05, 2014 laser beam machining used light energy from a laser to remove material by vaporization and ablation energy is concentrated optically laser emits either continuous or pulsed light beam 5 source. In laser beam welding or heat treating, the instantaneous laser beam power per unit area. In the simplest terms, a cnc laser cutter uses a coherent beam of light to cut material, most often sheet metal, but also wood, diamond, glass. Laser beam welding is a welding process that uses a laser beam to melt and vaporize material. The main operating parameters associated with laser assisted machining are. Ramesh singh cutting action the beam is incident on the surface most of the beam passes into the hole or kerf some is reflected off the unmelted surface some may pass straight through. Ionbeam machining or etching is generally a surface finishing process in which the material removal takes place by sputtering of ions. Nontraditional machining the definitive guide machinemfg. Conversion of electrical energy into heat energy to emit laser beam. Part 2 deals with thermal machining processes for example, electric discharge machining, laser beam machining, electron beam machining.
Hence, it was realize to develop some nonconventional machining methods known as advanced machining processes. Introduction laser beam machining lbm is a novel thermal energy based advanced machining process which can be used for machining a wide range of materials. Laser beam machining lbm is a form of machining process in which laser beam is used for the machining of metallic and nonmetallic materials. The laser cutting machine beams are greatly strengthened, and it speeds up your process effortlessly. Learn about wire edm, sinker edm, the history of edm techniques, and more.
In laser beam machining, a laser beam is focussed onto the targetworkpiece sur face figure 11. Experimental a schematic diagram of the laser cutting process is shown in figure 1. The general principles of cutting are similar for both types of laser although co 2 lasers dominate the market for reasons, which will be discussed later in the paper. The laser beam is directed to a certain focal length 150 mm by adjusting the nozzle diameter 1. The main advantages of laser beam machining are ease of automation for complex cutting patterns, absence of tool wear and. How laser beam welding works laser beam welding process.
Laser beam machining lbm is a non conventional machining manufacturing process, a form of machining, in which a laser is directed towards the work piece for machining. Electron beam machining is process in which high velocity electrons are concentrated in a narrow beam and then directed towards the workpiece for machining. It also includes micronanofinishing processes viz, abrasive flow finishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, etc. Review on laser beam machining process parameter optimization. It uses a laser beam, which is a narrow, monochromatic high intense light which can cut or machine any metal and nonmetal. The basic mechanism of laser cutting is extremely simple and can be summarised as follows. Edm machining electrical discharge machining makes it possible to work with metals for which traditional machining techniques do not work. Laser beam machining and drilling lbm, plasma arc machining pam and electron beam machining ebm. This parameter is key in determining the fusion zone profile area of base metal melted on a workpiece. Now, 50 years later, laser cutting machines account for the largest segment of the metal cutting machine market, which also includes plasma, waterjet and mechanical cutting.
Laser beam machining, being a non contact process, does not involve any mechanical cutting forces and tool wear. In this machining process metal is removed by melting and vaporization of metal particle from surface of work piece. A laser beam machining lbm database for the cutting of ceramic tile article pdf available in journal of materials processing technology 84. How laser beam welding works laser beam welding process laser beam welding setup. Abstract laser beam machining lbm is one of the most widely used thermal energy based noncontact type advance machining process which can be applied for almost whole range of materials. Laser beam machining how is laser beam machining abbreviated. It is a nontraditional machining process in which no physical tool is used. Common nontraditional machining methods electrical discharge machining edm. Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining. In thermal removing processes, thermal energy, provided by a heat source, melts or vaporizes the volume of the material to be removed. Laser beam machining lbm is one amongst the foremost widely used thermal energy based noncontact kind advance machining method which may be applied for nearly whole vary of materials. Main parts, principle, working with application april 11, 2020 april 11, 2020 suman kumar paul laser beam machining lbm is a method of machining that uses laser beam to mill metal and nonmetallic materials. First principles most laser cutting is carried out using co 2 or nd. Lbm is one of the advanced machining processes which are used for shaping almost whole range of engineering materials.
Hi, cnc stands for computer numerical control or computerized numerical control. It is also known as spark machining or spark eroding process. Multiobjective optimization of laser beam machining process. Ppt laser beam machining powerpoint presentation free. Laser beam machining lbm has proven its applications and advantages over almost all the range of engineering materials. Electron beam machining process electron beam is generated in an electron beam gun. The machining results of laser cutting depend on both machining process parameters and laser parameters. Parametric analysis of cutting parameters for laser beam. The laser beam machining is essentially based on the effects generated at the contact of the workpiece surface with a laser beam that has adequate energetically and spatial temporal characteristics and is directed and focused or defocused by means of the optical lens and mirrors system. Laser beam machining, laser welding, assist gas, laser welding. The high peak performance of our laser permits a maximum cut depth of up to 10mm. Laser beam machining lbm is a novel thermal energy based advanced machining process which can be used for machining a wide range of materials. Current research and development in laser beam machining lbm. Laser power, spot diameter of the laser beam, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of.
The adaptability of laser beam machining allows them to perform more than one function, and the wide range of industries that often use laser beam machining technology includes automakers and jewelers. When this high velocity electron strikes the workpiece, it melts and vaporizes the material from the workpiece. These lasers can generate 400 to 1,500 watts of power, which can cut through 1inch 2. Lms is easy to learn and requires no specific skills to use it. Machines are generally cadcam compatible, with 3axis and 5axis machines being generally available. Yag laser reported in this thesis, following general conclusions have been drawn. Depending upon the intensity of heating the workpiece can melt and vaporize.
Edm is a kind of nontraditional machining method which is used to etch conductive material by electric erosion which is produced by the pulse discharge between two poles immersed in working liquid, also known as discharge machining or electroerosion machining. Electronbeam ebm and laser beam machining lbm are newer. Laser beam machining, laser beam hybrid machining, and. The general principles of laser cutting are approximately similar for both types of laser although co2 lasers dominate in the market. Electrical discharge machining edm, electron beam machining ebmworking in detailed,edm projects pdf by mohammed shafi november 26, 2018 march 21, 2020 electrical discharge machining edm. The laser stand for light stimulated emission of radiation. Us20070170159a1 laser beam machining method, laser beam. Gate 2019 mechanical engineering syllabus contains engineering mechanics, mechanics of materials, theory of machines, vibrations, machine design, fluid mechanics, heattransfer, thermodynamics, engineering materials, casting, forming and joining processes, machining and machine tool operations, metrology and inspection, computer integrated manufacturing, production planning and control.
These methods form a group of processes which removes excess material by various. Apr 21, 2015 lbm is nontraditional thermal process. Laser beam machining main parts, principle, working with. Principle of laser beam welding this machining process works on basic property of laser. The principle objective was to foresee the haz as per three sources of info. In this video we have explained working of laser beam machining process, we have seen the working principle. Definition, working process, principle, advantages, disadvantages, application with pdf. The heat induces the tensile stress and the stress concentration increases at the groove tip. Laser cutting fundamentals laser processing is carried out utilizing the energy of coherent photons or laser beam, which is mostly converted into thermal energy upon interaction with most of the materials. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a highpower laser.
Laser materials interactions, different laser types, the technical and commercial growth of laser cutting and the state of the art. Machining is the broad term used to describe removal of material from a workpiece includes cutting, abrasive processes grinding, advanced machining processes electrical, chemical, thermal, hydrodynamic, lasers automation began when lathes were introduced in 1700s now have computer numerical control cnc machines. A lot of people to the laser cutting machine is not very understanding, most of whom were heard someone mentioned in the peer, but dont know what was the basic working principle, let us give you a detailed explanation. Electron beam ebm and laser beam machining lbm are newer. Laser beam machining an introduction laser stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The working principle of laser machining is, laser beam machining. Apr 26, 2018 the laser is light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, and laser beam machining is a nontraditional way of manufacturing. May 31, 2018 laser beam machining lbm is one amongst the foremost widely used thermal energy based non contact kind advance machining method which may be applied for nearly whole vary of materials. Laser beam machining lbm kcg college of technology.
Laser beam can very easily be focused using optical lenses as their wavelength ranges from half micron to around 70 microns. Laser beam machining is a thermal machining process which uses laser beam to produce heat. The heat generated on the surface is heated, melted and vaporized by stimulated radiation emissions and. Ultrasonic machining, water jet machining, abrasive water jet machining. The energy of a narrow laser beam is highly concentrated at 10 810 10 wcm 2, so a weak weld pool is formed very rapidly for about 106 sec. A co2 laser is one of the more powerful types of laser used in laser beam machining. Electron beam machining is required to be carried out in vacuum. All about edm machining electrical discharge machining. Hello everyone welcome to engineers academy topics covered. Current research and development in laser beam machining \lbm\. Laser beam machining an overview sciencedirect topics. The quality of cut depends upon many control factors or parameters such as laser beam parameters laser power, pulse width, pulse frequency, modes of operation, pulse energy. The underline working principle of laser was first put forward by albert einstein in 1917 though the first industrial laser for experimentation was developed around 1960s.
In this process, a laser beam of high energy is made to strike on the workpiece, the thermal energy of the laser gets transferred to the surface of the wp workpiece. The light produced is a coherent, monochromatic and collimated beam which can be focused to small spots of diameter of 0. Otherwise the electrons would interact with the air molecules, thus they would loose their energy and cutting. Laser beam machining lbm is a method of machining that uses laser beam to mill metal and nonmetallic materials. It is a nonconventional machining process in which no tool is used. Laser beam machining is a thermal energy based cutting process, which is executed by moving a focused laser beam on the surface of the workpiece with appropriate scanning speed. In fact, its a subtractive manufacturing process in which a laser beam is used for cutting through the metals and other materials for getting the desired product. The laser beam machining method irradiates laser light while positioning a focus point at the inside of a machining target to thereby form a treated area based on multiphoton absorption along a planned cutting line of the machining target inside the machining target and also form a minute cavity. The process is different from electric discharge, electron beam, laser and plasma arc machining in that the process does not. Principles equipment types beam control techniques. Through this process, a highenergy laser beam is produced to strike at the workpiece, the laser thermal energy is transmitted to the w p workpiece side. A laser beam machining lbm database for the cutting of. Electrochemical machiningecm, laser beam machininglbm. The process used thermal energy to remove material from a metallic surface.
Electron beam gun provides high velocity electrons over a very small spot size. Laser beam is focussed for melting and vaporizing the unwanted material from the parent material. Upon completion of this course, the students can able to. Here the lasing material is in the form of a solid ruby. Major applications of laser beam is in cutting of metals and non metals, soft. Laser beam machining lbm is a thermal energy based advanced machining process in which the material is removed by i melting, ii vaporization, and iii chemical degradation chemical bonds are broken which causes the materials to degrade. Notes on electron beam machining ebm me mechanical. At slow speeds the melt starts at the leading edge of the beam. Working of laser beam machining anuniverse 22 youtube. Working, advantages, limitations, applications, laser projects, pdf. This process uses thermal energy to remove material from metallic or nonmetallic surfaces. Laser cutting machine now you can use the laser cutting machine as with the laser beam, you have to be at times actually careful. A laser beam is a nonconventional machining method in which the operation performed by the laser. Us7605344b2 laser beam machining method, laser beam.
What is a cnc machine and what is its working principle. Here a steam of high speed electrons impinges on the work surface so that the kinetic energy of electrons is transferred to work producing intense heating. Overview laser machining software is an allinone solution to control your laser machining system. It is an object to provide a laser beam machining method which can easily cut a machining target. The laser beam heats and melts the edges of the workpiece, forming a joint. A coherent beam of monochromatic light is focused on the workpiece causing material removal by vaporisation. Laser beam is focused over a particular area on workpiece which creates high intensified concentration on work piece because of which the work piece melts, thus giving the required shape.
Yag and fiber lasers permit a controlled heat entry which is optimum for fine cutting. A lot of people to the laser cutting machine is not very understanding, most of whom were heard someone mentioned in the peer, but dont know what was the basic working principle, let us give you a detailed explanation of the. It offers its competences from macro machining to micro and nano machining of simpletocomplex shapes. Among thermal removal methods, electrical discharge machining or edm is the oldest and most widely used. Laser beam machining is a thermal energybased advanced machining process in which material is removed by focusing the laser beam on the work surface at a constant distance to melt and vaporize the unwanted work material. Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining using. Laser beam machining lbm, response surface methodology rsm, genetic algorithm ga, optimization. This paper presents an overview of the subject of laser cutting. Hence, the characteristic of noncontact between the tool and the.
Mar 17, 2016 electron beam machining ebm is a thermal process. Laser beam machining can be used for cladding, cutting, welding and drilling. In a plasma torch, known as the gun or plasmatron, a volume of gas such as h2, n2, 02, etc. Aug 02, 2015 what happens if you focus a 5w laser with a giant magnifying glass. What is the working principle of laser cutting machine. Laser beam welding lbw is a welding process, in which heat is generated by a high energy laser beam targeted on the workpiece. The sketch highlights the working principles of the laser cutting process. It finds wide applications in various industries like space tech, automobiles, avionics, shipbuilding and many others manufacturing process.